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OBJECTIVE@#To detect the relationship between CTGF in the bone marrow of MM patients and osteolytic lesion of myeloma, moreover, to investigate the clinical significance of CTGF in MM.@*METHODS@#Fifity-four MM patients treated in our hospital from March 2019 to April 2020 were enrolled, and 28 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. The plasma in bone marrow of the patients was collected, and the ELISA was used to detect the level of CTGF in bone marrow plasma and the relationship between its and clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The CTGF level of MM patients was significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.001); the CTGF level in male patients was higher than that in female patients (P=0.007); the CTGF level in MM patients with osteolytic lesions was significantly higher than patients without osteolytic lesions and controls (P=0.007, P=0.001). The CTGF level in MM patients was positively correlated with the number of bone lesions (P<0.001, r=0.52). CTGF levels in patients with ≥3 bone lesions were significantly higher than those with <3 bone lesions and without bone lesions (P=0.014, P=0.002). ROC curve result showed that CTGF expression level shows a significant diagnostic value for MM bone disease (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The abnormally high expression of CTGF level in MM patients is related to the degree of myelomas osteolytic lesions and can reflect the progress of MM.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Bone Marrow , Connective Tissue Growth Factor , Multiple Myeloma , Osteolysis , Patients , ROC CurveABSTRACT
AIM:To study the effect of crocin on the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood of the mice with carotid arterial injury and its mechanism.METHODS:The carotid artery injury model of the C57BL/6 mice was established by the method of wire injury.The animals were divided into sham operation group,saline-treated model group,and low dose,medium dose and high dose (10,50 and 100 μ mol· kg-1 · L-1,respectively) of crocin treatment groups.The mobilization of the EPCs in peripheral blood of the mice with carotid artery injury was detected by flow cytometry at 3 d.The changes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),epidermal growth factor (EGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the peripheral blood of the mice with carotid artery injury were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 7 d.The vascular re-endothelialization and intimal hyperplasia of the mice with carotid artery injury were detected by Evans blue and hematoxylin-eosin staining.At the same time,real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of vascular repair factor-related receptors,vascular endothelial growth factor receotor-2 (VEGFR-2),CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4),basic fibroblast growth factor receptor (bFGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),in the injured segments of carotid arteries.RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the EPCs mobilization and the content of vascular repair factors VEGF,SDF-1,bFGF,EGF and MMP-9 in peripheral blood were increased in model group (P ＜0.05).The area of vascular endothelium was decreased,while the area of intimal hyperplasia and the ratio of intimal to medial membrane area were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of VEGFR-2,CXCR4,bFGFR and EGFR were also increased in the injured segments of carotid arteries (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,the EPCs mobilization and the content of vascular repair factors VEGF,SDF-1,bFGF,EGF and MMP-9 in peripheral blood were significantly increased in different concentrations of crocin-treated mice with carotid artery injury (P ＜ 0.05).The area of vascular endothelium was gradually increased,while the area of intimal hyperplasia and the ratio of intimal to medial membrane area were gradually decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of VEGFR-2,CXCR4,bFGFR and EGFR were also gradually increased in the injured segments of cartid arteries (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Crocin promotes the mobilization of EPCs and the re-endothelialization of damaged blood vessels in the mice with carotid artery injury,thus repairing the injured vasculature.
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AIM:To study the effect of crocin on the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood of the mice with carotid arterial injury and its mechanism.METHODS:The carotid artery injury model of the C57BL/6 mice was established by the method of wire injury.The animals were divided into sham operation group,saline-treated model group,and low dose,medium dose and high dose (10,50 and 100 μ mol· kg-1 · L-1,respectively) of crocin treatment groups.The mobilization of the EPCs in peripheral blood of the mice with carotid artery injury was detected by flow cytometry at 3 d.The changes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),epidermal growth factor (EGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the peripheral blood of the mice with carotid artery injury were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 7 d.The vascular re-endothelialization and intimal hyperplasia of the mice with carotid artery injury were detected by Evans blue and hematoxylin-eosin staining.At the same time,real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of vascular repair factor-related receptors,vascular endothelial growth factor receotor-2 (VEGFR-2),CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4),basic fibroblast growth factor receptor (bFGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),in the injured segments of carotid arteries.RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the EPCs mobilization and the content of vascular repair factors VEGF,SDF-1,bFGF,EGF and MMP-9 in peripheral blood were increased in model group (P ＜0.05).The area of vascular endothelium was decreased,while the area of intimal hyperplasia and the ratio of intimal to medial membrane area were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of VEGFR-2,CXCR4,bFGFR and EGFR were also increased in the injured segments of carotid arteries (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,the EPCs mobilization and the content of vascular repair factors VEGF,SDF-1,bFGF,EGF and MMP-9 in peripheral blood were significantly increased in different concentrations of crocin-treated mice with carotid artery injury (P ＜ 0.05).The area of vascular endothelium was gradually increased,while the area of intimal hyperplasia and the ratio of intimal to medial membrane area were gradually decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of VEGFR-2,CXCR4,bFGFR and EGFR were also gradually increased in the injured segments of cartid arteries (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Crocin promotes the mobilization of EPCs and the re-endothelialization of damaged blood vessels in the mice with carotid artery injury,thus repairing the injured vasculature.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression and clinical significance of ribosomal S6 kinase-4 (RSK-4) in breast cancer and explore the role of RSK-4 in the genesis and development of breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The expression levels of RSK-4 mRNA and protein were detected in 56 cases of breast cancer and the normal breast tissues, as well as in 20 cases of breast benign lesions, by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression rates of RSK-4 mRNA in breast cancer, the normal breast tissues and breast benign lesions were 48.2%, 76.8% and 75.0%, respectively. The expression level of RSK-4 mRNA in breast cancer was significantly lower than those in normal breast tissues and breast benign lesions tissues (P < 0.05). The expression level of RSK-4 significantly correlated with tumor size and clinical stage (P < 0.05).The expression rate of RSK-4 protein was 39.3% in breast cancer tissues, which was significantly lower than that of normal breast tissues (71.4%) and breast benign lesions (75.0%, P < 0.01). The expression level of RSK-4 protein was lower in breast cancer with large tumor, high clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. In 56 cases of breast cancer samples, the consistency rate of RSK-4 mRNA and protein was 73.2%. A significant correlation was found between RSK-4 mRNA and protein (χ² = 10.254, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The down-regulation of RSK-4 expression in breast caner suggests that it is a breast cancer suppressor gene, and the lack or down-regulation of RSK-4 expression is involved in the genesis and progression of breast cancer.</p>